TEMPERATURE AND HEAT

1. 
   where t is the temperature in degrees Celsius and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
2. 
   where Q is the heat required / liberated when a body is of heat capacity C changes its temperature by  degrees Celsius without changing its state.
3. 
   where Q is the heat required / liberated when a mass m of specific heat capacity c changes its temperature by  degrees Celsius.
4. To find the specific heat of water by the electrical method:
   
   Heat delivered by electrical coil = heat gained by water + heat gained by calorimeter
   
5. 
   where Q is the heat required / liberated when a mass m of specific latent heat l changes its state without changing its temperature.
6. To find the specific latent heat of fusion of ice:
   
   Heat gained by ice in melting and then heating = heat lost by warm water + heat lost by calorimeter
   
   
7. To find the specific latent heat of vaporisation of water:
   
   Heat lost by steam in condensing and then cooling = heat gained by water + heat gained by calorimeter
   
   
8. 
   where U is the U-value of a structure when heat energy Q is conducted in t seconds through an area A with a temperature difference of  between its ends.